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Total 8918 results found since Jan 2013.

Advancing Translational Science for Pulmonary NTM Infections: A Roadmap for Research.
CF, Winthrop KL, Zelazny AM Abstract Multiple studies conducted since the mid-1990's indicate increasing prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM PD) in North America, Europe, Asia, and Australia. This disease is often chronic, with lengthy treatment courses and a high risk of reinfection even after successful treatment. To identify critical gaps in diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of NTM PD, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) convened a workshop on September 26, 2017, bringing together diverse experts in mycobacterial disease. Panels were organized in th...
Source: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - November 14, 2018 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Daniel-Wayman S, Abate G, Barber DL, Bermudez LE, Coler RN, Cynamon MH, Daley CL, Davidson RM, Dick T, Floto RA, Henkle E, Holland SM, Jackson M, Lee RE, Nuermberger EL, Olivier KN, Ordway DJ, Prevots DR, Sacchettini JC, Salfinger M, Sassetti CM, Sizemore Tags: Am J Respir Crit Care Med Source Type: research

The DosR Regulon Modulates Adaptive Immunity and is Essential for M. tuberculosis Persistence.
Conclusions: Delayed adaptive responses, a hallmark of Mtb infection, not only lead to persistence but also interfere with the development of effective anti-TB vaccines. The DosR regulon therefore modulates both the magnitude and the timing of adaptive immune responses in response to hypoxia in-vivo, resulting in persistent infection. Hence, DosR regulates key aspects of the Mtb life cycle and in limiting lung pathology. PMID: 25730547 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - March 2, 2015 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Mehra S, Foreman TW, Didier PJ, Ahsan MH, Hudock TA, Kissee R, Golden NA, Gautam US, Johnson AM, Alvarez X, Russell-Lodrigue KE, Doyle LA, Roy CJ, Blanchard JL, Khader SA, Lackner AA, Sherman DR, Kaushal D Tags: Am J Respir Crit Care Med Source Type: research

Natural T Cell Mediated Protection Against Seasonal and Pandemic Influenza: Results of the Flu Watch Cohort Study.
CONCLUSIONS: Naturally occurring cross-protective T cell immunity protects against symptomatic PCR-confirmed disease in those with evidence of infection and helps to explain why many infections do not cause symptoms. Vaccines stimulating T cells may provide important cross-protective immunity. PMID: 25844934 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - April 6, 2015 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Hayward AC, Wang L, Goonetilleke N, Fragaszy EB, Bermingham A, Copas A, Dukes O, Millett ER, Nazareth I, Nguyen-Van-Tam JS, Watson JM, Zambon M, Johnson AM, McMichael AJ, Flu Watch Group Tags: Am J Respir Crit Care Med Source Type: research

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus
Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 42: 828-838 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1733804The past two decades have witnessed the emergence of three zoonotic coronaviruses which have jumped species to cause lethal disease in humans: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV-1), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and SARS-CoV-2. MERS-CoV emerged in Saudi Arabia in 2012 and the origins of MERS-CoV are not fully understood. Genomic analysis indicates it originated in bats and transmitted to camels. Human-to-human transmission occurs in varying frequency, being highest in healthcare environment and to a les...
Source: Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - December 16, 2021 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A. Azhar, Esam I. Memish, Ziad A. Zumla, Alimuddin Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Metapneumovirus Infections and Respiratory Complications
Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 37: 512-521 DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1584800Acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) are the most common illnesses experienced by people of all ages worldwide. In 2001, a new respiratory pathogen called human metapneumovirus (hMPV) was identified in respiratory secretions. hMPV is an RNA virus of the Paramyxoviridae family, and it has been isolated on every continent and from individuals of all ages. hMPV causes 7 to 19% of all cases of ARTIs in both hospitalized and outpatient children, and the rate of detection in adults is approximately 3%. Symptoms of hMPV infection range from a mild cold ...
Source: Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - August 2, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Esposito, Susanna Mastrolia, Maria Vincenza Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Q Fever (Coxiella Burnetii)
Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 41: 509-521 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1710594Q fever is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by the Coxiella burnetii bacterium. It is an obligate intracellular pathogen with a high infection capacity that proliferates exclusively in an acidified medium, forming a lysosome-like vacuole. It presents a peculiar phenomenon called “antigenic phase variation,” produced by a modification in the complexity of the membrane lipopolysaccharides. Q fever can be found worldwide and presents variable clinical features and geographical distribution. It mostly affects people in rural areas who are in contac...
Source: Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - July 5, 2020 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Espa ña, Pedro Pablo Uranga, Ane Cill óniz, Catia Torres, Antoni Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

COVID-19: Physicians in Shackles
By ANISH KOKA, MD A number of politically tinged narratives have divided physicians during the pandemic. It would be unfortunate if politics obscured the major problem brought into stark relief by the pandemic: a system that marginalizes physicians and strips them of agency. In practices big and small, hospital-employed or private practice, nursing homes or hospitals, there are serious issues raising their heads for doctors and their patients. No masks for you When I walked into my office Thursday, March 12th, I assembled the office staff for the first time to talk about COVID.  The prior weekend had been awa...
Source: The Health Care Blog - May 2, 2020 Category: Consumer Health News Authors: Christina Liu Tags: COVID-19 Medical Practice Physicians Anish Koka medical autonomy Pandemic Source Type: blogs

Not The Last of Them
By KIM BELLARD I’m seeing two conflicting yet connected visions about the future. One is when journalist David Wallace-Wells says we might be in for “golden age for medicine,” with CRISPR and mRNA revolutionizing drug development. The second is the dystopian HBO hit “The Last of Us,” in which a fungal infection has turned much of the world’s population into zombie-like creatures. The conflict is clear but the connection not so much. Mr. Wallace-Wells never mentions fungi in his article, but if we’re going to have a golden age of medicine, or if we want to avoid a global fungal outbreak, we better be pay...
Source: The Health Care Blog - June 27, 2023 Category: Consumer Health News Authors: matthew holt Tags: Health Policy Fungi Golden Age of Medicine Kim Bellard Source Type: blogs

Can Our Dysfunctional Health Care System Contain Ebola?
Not to bury the lede, I think it can, but it will be a lot harder than the talking heads on television predict.I have been writing about health care dysfunction since 2003.  Lots of US politicians would have us believe we have the best health care system in the world (e.g., House of Representatives Speaker John Boehner (R-Ohio), here),   Much of the commentary on Ebola also seems based on this "best health care system in the world" notion.  For example, in an interview today (5 October, 2014) on Meet the Press, Dan Pfieffer, "senior White House adviser," saidThere is no country in the world better prepa...
Source: Health Care Renewal - October 6, 2014 Category: Health Management Tags: Ebola virus financialization generic managers ill-informed management perverse incentives public health organizations Source Type: blogs

Rational Design of a Chimeric Derivative of PcrV as a Subunit Vaccine Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa
In this study, the full-length PcrV was divided into four domains with the guidance of its structure, and the Nter domain (Met1-Lys127) and H12 domain (Leu251-Ile294) were found to be immunodominant. Subsequently, Nter and H12 were combined with a flexible linker to generate an artificial PcrV derivative (PcrVNH). PcrVNH was successfully produced in E. coli and behaved as a homogenous monomer. Moreover, immunization with PcrVNH elicited a multifactorial immune response and conferred broad protection in an acute PA pneumonia model and was equally effective to full-length PcrV. In addition, passive immunization with anti-Pcr...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 23, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Four out of ten Brits may naturally show fewer flu symptoms
ConclusionA study of 1,414 unvaccinated people showed those with T cells targeting virus nucleoprotein still got infected by flu, but had fewer symptoms. The logic is that people with fewer symptoms are less likely to spread the virus through coughs and sneezes, which may slow the spread of both seasonal and pandemic flu strains.This is plausible, but was not directly tested in this study, so we don't know if it's true in real life. The research team suggested vaccines that boost T cell numbers might be worth exploring, as an alternative to those that try to stop virus infection altogether. An added potential benefit of th...
Source: NHS News Feed - June 16, 2015 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Heart/lungs Medical practice Medication Swine flu Source Type: news

Tropical Travel Trouble 002 Rabies
LITFL • Life in the Fast Lane Medical Blog LITFL • Life in the Fast Lane Medical Blog - Emergency medicine and critical care medical education blog aka Tropical Travel Trouble 002 A 19 year old gap year student has returned from India to your emergency department reporting she was bitten by a monkey at a temple. A selfie gone wrong but it scored 1000+ likes on Facebook… She is concerned because one of the Facebook comments suggested she may have rabies! A quick Google search suggested 60,000 people a year DIE from rabies. Should she be worried? Should you be worried? Questions Q1. What other questions should yo...
Source: Life in the Fast Lane - February 27, 2018 Category: Emergency Medicine Authors: Neil Long Tags: Clinical Cases Tropical Medicine rabies Source Type: blogs

20 Medical Technology Advances: Medicine in the Future – Part II.
Nanorobots swimming in blood vessels, in silico clinical trials instead of experimenting with drugs on animals and people, remote brain surgeries with the help of 5G networks – the second part of our shortlist on some astonishing ideas and innovations that could give us a glimpse into the future of medicine is ready for you to digest. Here, we’re going beyond the first part with medical tricorders, the CRISPR/Cas-9 gene-editing method, and other futuristic medical technologies to watch for. 11) In silico clinical trials against testing drugs on animals As technologies transform every aspect of healthcare,...
Source: The Medical Futurist - October 23, 2019 Category: Information Technology Authors: berci.mesko Tags: Artificial Intelligence E-Patients Future of Medicine Future of Pharma Genomics Health Sensors & Trackers 3d printing AI bioprinting blockchain clinical trials CRISPR digital digital health drug development genetics Innovat Source Type: blogs

Tropical Travel Trouble 006 Watery Diarrhoea
LITFL • Life in the Fast Lane Medical Blog LITFL • Life in the Fast Lane Medical Blog - Emergency medicine and critical care medical education blog aka Tropical Travel Trouble 006 Our medical student who caught shigella on a Nepalese elective has a thirst for adventure. They plan to help at a Bangladesh refugee camp but the latest CDC report states there have been some cases of cholera. They’ve done a little bit of reading and want your help to teach them all about cholera and how they may prepare and best serve their new community. Questions: Q1. What is cholera and how is it transmitted? Answer and interpreta...
Source: Life in the Fast Lane - March 27, 2018 Category: Emergency Medicine Authors: Neil Long Tags: Clinical Cases Tropical Medicine cholera diarrhoea john snow ORS rice water diarrhoea watery diarrhoea Source Type: blogs

Severe Leptospirosis Features in the Spleen Indicate Cellular Immunosuppression Similar to That Found in Septic Shock
Conclusion: The results suggest that an immunosuppressive state develops at the terminal stage of severe leptospirosis with pulmonary hemorrhage and shock similar to that of patients with septic shock, with diffuse endothelial activation in the spleen, splenitis, and signs of disturbance in the innate and adaptive immunity in the spleen. The presence of leptospiral antigens in 73% of the spleens of the leptospirosis patients suggests the etiological agent contributes directly to the pathogenesis of the lesions. Our results support therapeutic approaches involving antibiotic and immunomodulatory treatments for leptospirosis...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 29, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research